Ancient Humans Europe
Explore ancient human physical traits, health results, ancestry, Neanderthal and haplogroups, from every continent.
On this page we are treating ancient humans as modern users of yourDNAportal. The results are not yours, but by learning about these ancient humans who have contributed to modern groups around the world, you will expand your understanding of your own origins.
Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe
Modern Europeans descend from three main founding groups in various proportions. These include Western Hunter Gatherers, Neolithic Farmers and the Yamnaya. Neolithic Farmer ancestry is more prevalent in the Mediterranean areas of Europe (particularly in Sardinia).
Conversely Yamnaya ancestry is found at higher percentages in Northern Europe.
Definitions
The terms Anno Domini (AD) and Before Christ (BC) are used when designating years in the Gregorian and Julian calendars. The term anno Domini is Medieval Latin and means "in the year of the Lord" but is often presented using "our Lord" instead of "the Lord", taken from the full original phrase "anno Domini nostri Jesu Christi", which translates to "in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ". The form "BC" is specific to English, and equivalent abbreviations are used in other languages: the Latin form, rarely used in English, is ante Christum natum (ACN) or ante Christum (AC).
This calendar era is based on the traditionally reckoned year of the conception or birth of Jesus, AD counting years from the start of this epoch and BC denoting years before the start of the era. There is no year zero in this scheme; thus the year AD 1 immediately follows the year 1 BC. This dating system was devised in 525 by Dionysius Exiguus but was not widely used until the 9th century.
Terminology that is viewed by some as being more neutral and inclusive of non-Christian people is to call this the Common Era (abbreviated as CE), with the preceding years referred to as Before the Common Era (BCE). Astronomical year numbering and ISO 8601 avoid words or abbreviations related to Christianity, but use the same numbers for AD years (but not for BC years in the case of astronomical years; e.g., 1 BC is year 0, 45 BC is year -44).
Geologic Time: Period prior to humans. 4.6 billion to 3 million years ago
Primatomorphid Era: Period prior to the existence of Primatomorpha
Simian Era: Period prior to the existence of Simiiformes
Hominoid Era: Period prior to the existence of Hominoidea
Hominid Era: Period prior to the existence of Hominidae
- Distant signs of Human-like apes
Homininaeid Era: Period prior to the existence of Homininae
Homininid Era: Period prior to the existence of Hominini
Prehistory: Period between the appearance of Homo ("humans"; first stone tools c. three million years ago) and the invention of writing systems (for the Ancient Near East: c. five thousand years ago).
Paleolithic: Period that extends from the earliest known use of stone tools by hominins, c. 3.3 million years ago, to the end of the Pleistocene, c. 11,650 cal BP.
Lower Paleolithic: time of archaic human species, predates Homo sapiens. It spans the time from around 3.3 million years ago when the first evidence for stone tool production and use by hominins appears in the current archaeological record, until around 300,000 years ago, spanning the Oldowan and Acheulean lithics industries.
Middle Paleolithic: coexistence of archaic and anatomically modern human species. The Middle Paleolithic broadly spanned from 300,000 to 50,000 years ago.
Upper Paleolithic: worldwide expansion of anatomically modern humans, the disappearance of archaic humans by extinction or admixture with modern humans; earliest evidence for pictorial art. Very broadly, it dates to between 50,000 and 12,000 years ago (the beginning of the Holocene), according to some theories coinciding with the appearance of behavioural modernity in early modern humans, until the advent of the Neolithic Revolution and agriculture.
Mesolithic (Epipaleolithic): The Mesolithic (Greek: μέσος, mesos 'middle' + λίθος, lithos 'stone') or Middle Stone Age is the Old World archaeological period between the Upper Paleolithic and the Neolithic. The term Epipaleolithic is often used synonymously, especially for outside northern Europe, and for the corresponding period in the Levant and Caucasus. The Mesolithic has different time spans in different parts of Eurasia. It refers to the final period of hunter-gatherer cultures in Europe and the Middle East, between the end of the Last Glacial Maximum and the Neolithic Revolution. In Europe it spans roughly 15,000 to 5,000 BP; in the Middle East (the Epipalaeolithic Near East) roughly 20,000 to 10,000 BP. The term is less used of areas farther east, and not at all beyond Eurasia and North Africa.
Neolithic: The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Greek νέος néos 'new' and λίθος líthos'stone') is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Europe, Asia, Mesopotamia and Africa (c. 10,000 BC to c. 2,000 BC). It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several parts of the world. This "Neolithic package" included the introduction of farming, domestication of animals, and change from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to one of settlement. The term 'Neolithic' was coined by Sir John Lubbock in 1865 as a refinement of the three-age system.
Chalcolithic (or "Eneolithic", "Copper Age"): still largely Neolithic in character, when early copper metallurgy appeared alongside the use of stone tools. The transition from Copper Age to Bronze Age in Europe occurred between the late 5th and the late 3rd millennium BC.
Bronze Age: not part of prehistory for all regions and civilisations who had adopted or developed a writing system. The Bronze Age was a historical period lasting from approximately 3300 to 1200 BC. It was characterized by the use of bronze, the use of writing in some areas, and other features of early urban civilisation. The Bronze Age is the middle principal period of the three-age system, between the Stone and Iron Ages.
Ancient Egypt: Ancient Egyptian civilisation coalesced around 3150 BC with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first king of the First Dynasty, Narmer. Predominantly native Egyptian rule lasted until the conquest by the Achaemenid Empire in the sixth century BC.
Iron Age: not part of prehistory for all civilisations who had introduced written records during the Bronze Age. In Anatolia and the Caucasus, or Southeast Europe, the Iron Age began during the late 2nd millennium BC (c.1300 BC). In the Ancient Near East, this transition occurred simultaneously with the Late Bronze Age collapse, during the 12th century BC (1200-1100 BC).
Ancient History: Aggregate of past events from the beginning of recorded human history and extending as far as the Early Middle Ages or the Postclassical Era. The span of recorded history is roughly five thousand years, beginning with the earliest linguistic records in the third millennium BC in Mesopotamia and Egypt.
Classical Antiquity: Broad term for a long period of cultural history centered on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome, collectively known as the Greco-Roman world. It is the period in which Greek and Roman society flourished and wielded great influence throughout Europe, North Africa and the Middle East.
Post-classical History: Period of time that immediately followed ancient history. Depending on the continent, the era generally falls between the years AD 200-600 and AD 1200-1500. The major classical civilizations that the era follows are Han China (ending in 220), the Western Roman Empire (in 476), the Gupta Empire (in the 550s), and the Sasanian Empire (in 651).
Middle Ages: Lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and is variously demarcated by historians as ending with the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, or the discovery of America by Columbus in 1492, merging into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery.
Modern History: After the post-classical era
Early Modern Period: The chronological limits of this period are open to debate. It emerges from the Late Middle Ages (c. 1500), demarcated by historians as beginning with the fall of Constantinople in 1453, in forms such as the Italian Renaissance in the West, the Ming dynasty in the East, and the rise of the Aztecs in the New World. The period ends with the beginning of the Age of Revolutions.
BP: Stands for "Before Present" or "Years Before Present" (YBP). It specifies when events occured before 1 January 1950, the conventional date for the start of radiocarbon dating.
The Industrial Revolution, sometimes divided into the First Industrial Revolution and Second Industrial Revolution, was a period of global transition of the human economy towards more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes that succeeded the Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain, the Industrial Revolution spread to continental Europe and the United States, from around 1760 to about 1820-1840. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and the rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and the rate of population growth. The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.
Many of the technological and architectural innovations were of British origin. By the mid-18th century, Britain was the world's leading commercial nation controlling a global trading empire with colonies in North America and the Caribbean. Britain had major military and political hegemony on the Indian subcontinent; particularly with the proto-industrialised Mughal Bengal, through the activities of the East India Company. The development of trade and the rise of business were among the major causes of the Industrial Revolution. Developments in law also facilitated the revolution, such as courts ruling in favour of property rights. An entrepreneurial spirit and consumer revolution helped drive industrialisation in Britain, which after 1800, was emulated in Belgium, the United States, and France.
The Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in history, comparable only to humanity's adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement. The Industrial Revolution influenced in some way almost every aspect of daily life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth. Some economists have said the most important effect of the Industrial Revolution was that the standard of living for the general population in the Western world began to increase consistently for the first time in history, although others have said that it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the late 19th and 20th centuries. GDP per capita was broadly stable before the Industrial Revolution and the emergence of the modern capitalist economy, while the Industrial Revolution began an era of per-capita economic growth in capitalist economies. Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history since the domestication of animals and plants.
The precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is still debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes. According to Cambridge historian Leigh Shaw-Taylor, Britain was already industrialising in the 17th century, and "Our database shows that a groundswell of enterprise and productivity transformed the economy in the 17th century, laying the foundations for the world's first industrial economy. Britain was already a nation of makers by the year 1700" and "the history of Britain needs to be rewritten”. Eric Hobsbawm held that the Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the 1780s and was not fully felt until the 1830s or 1840s, while T. S. Ashton held that it occurred roughly between 1760 and 1830. Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Great Britain to continental Europe and the United States in the early 19th century, with important centres of textiles, iron and coal emerging in Belgium and the United States and later textiles in France.
An economic recession occurred from the late 1830s to the early 1840s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as their markets matured; and despite the increasing adoption of locomotives, steamboats and steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s and 1850s in the United Kingdom and the United States, were not powerful enough to drive high rates of economic growth.
Rapid economic growth began to reoccur after 1870, springing from a new group of innovations in what has been called the Second Industrial Revolution. These included new steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, the large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and the use of increasingly advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.
As the first industrial nation, the movement of people from a rural environment, to work in factories in cities, would change the genetic profile of Britain and consequently the rest of the world.
I0061_Russia_HG_Karelia
Russia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Russia.
References: MathiesonNature2015 (1240k of same same sample with 390k in HaakLazaridis2015)
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature16152
Y-DNA haplogroup | R1a1a |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | C1 |
Date Mean | 8450 |
Full Date | 7050-5950 BCE |
I0124_Russia_HG_Samara
Russia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Russia.
References: MathiesonNature2015 (1240k of same same sample with 390k in HaakLazaridis2015)
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature16152
Y-DNA haplogroup | R1b1a1a |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a1d |
Date Mean | 7544 |
Full Date | 5660-5535 calBCE (6680±30 BP, Beta-392490) |
Kostenki12_Russia
Russia
Upper Paleolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Upper Paleolithic period in Russia.
References: FuNature2016
Links:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27135931/
Y-DNA haplogroup | CT |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U2 |
Date Mean | 32650 |
Full Date | 31300-30100 BCE |
Kostenki14_Russia
Russia
Upper Paleolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Upper Paleolithic period in Russia.
References: FuNature2016
Links:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27135931/
Y-DNA haplogroup | C1b |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U2 |
Date Mean | 38052 |
Full Date | 37426-34726 calBCE (33250±500 BP, OxA-X-2395-15) |
Sunghir3_Russia.SG
Russia
Mid Upper Paleolithic
This ia an ancient human sample from the mid Upper Paleolithic in Russia.
References: SikoraScience2017
Links:
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aao1807
Y-DNA haplogroup | C-Y37021 (C1a) |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U2 |
Date Mean | 34517 |
Full Date | 33685-31328 calBCE (30000±550 BP, OxA-X-2395-7) |
I0211_Russia_HG_Karelia
Russia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Russia.
References: MathiesonNature2015
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature16152
Y-DNA haplogroup | J-M267* (J1*) |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U4a |
Date Mean | 8450 |
Full Date | 7050-5950 BCE |
RISE552
Russia
Bronze Age Yamnaya
This ancient human sample is from the Bronze Age Yamnaya culture in Russia.
References: Allentoft et al. 2015. Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia. Nature, 522(7555), 167-172.
Links:
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB9021
Y-DNA haplogroup | I2a2a1b1b2 |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | T2a1a |
Date Mean | 3940±90 |
Full Date | 2849-2143 calBCE (3940±90 BP, IGAN-4079) |
UzOO77_Russia_EHG
Russia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Romania.
References: MittnikNatureCommunications2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-02825-9
mtDNA haplogroup | R1b (yes it is mtdna also...) |
---|---|
Date Mean | 7200 |
Full Date | 5500-5000 BCE |
Sunghir1_Russia.SG
Russia
Mid Upper Paleolithic
This ia an ancient human sample from the mid Upper Paleolithic period in Russia.
References: SikoraScience2017
Links:
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aao1807
Y-DNA haplogroup | C-V3177 (C1a) |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U8c |
Date Mean | 33209 |
Full Date | 32326-30080 calBCE (28890±430 BP, OxA-X-2464-12) |
Sunghir2_Russia.SG
Russia
Mid Upper Paleolithic
This ia an ancient human sample from the mid Upper Paleolithic in Russia.
References: SikoraScience2017
Links:
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aao1807
Y-DNA haplogroup | C-Y37021 (C1a) |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U2 |
Date Mean | 34629 |
Full Date | 33833-31486 calBCE (30100±550 BP, OxA-X-2395-6) |
Sunghir4_Russia.SG
Russia
Mid Upper Paleolithic
This ia an ancient human sample from the mid Upper Paleolithic in Russia.
References: SikoraScience2017
Links:
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aao1807
Y-DNA haplogroup | C-CTS10356* (C1a) |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U2 |
Date Mean | 34323 |
Full Date | 32898-31771 calBCE (29820±280 BP, OxA-X-2462-52) |
Mal'ta, MA1, Malta1
Russia
Upper Paleolithic
Mal'ta boy was a hunter-gatherer found in Siberia, from the Upper Paleollithic period. Mal'ta boy is associated with the (ANE) Ancient North Eurasians, a basal group that contributed to modern western Eurasians and not closely related to East Asians. People similar to Mal'ta boy made significant contributions to Native Americans, Siberians and Europeans (including the Yamnaya and Afanasevo cultures).
References: Raghavan et al. 2014. Upper Palaeolithic Siberian genome reveals dual ancestry of Native Americans. Nature, 505(7481), 87-91.
Links:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/?term=SRP029640
Y-DNA haplogroup | R |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U |
Date Mean | -22570 -22140 |
Full Date | 22570-22140 calBCE (20240±60 BP, UCIAMS-79666) |
RISE395
Russia
Bronze Age
Sintasha
This ancient human sample is from the Bronze Age Sintasha culture in Russia.
References: Allentoft et al. 2015. Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia. Nature, 522(7555), 167-172.
Links:
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB9021
mtDNA haplogroup | U2e1h |
---|---|
Date Mean | 3540±33 |
Full Date | 1960-1756 calBCE (3540±33 BP, OxA-30996) |
Kostenki14
Russia
Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherer
Pontic steppe
This ancient human sample is from the Mesolithic Pontic Steppe.
References: Fu et al. 2016. The genetic history of Ice Age Europe. Nature, 534(7606), 200-205.
Links:
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB13123
Y-DNA haplogroup | C1b |
---|---|
Date Mean | 33250±500 |
Full Date | 36730-34310 calBCE (33250±500 BP, OxA-X-2395-15) |
RISE502
Russia
Bronze Age Karasuk
This is an ancient human sample from the Karasuk culture in Bronze Age Russia.
References: Allentoft et al. 2015. Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia. Nature, 522(7555), 167-172.
Links:
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB9021
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a1d |
---|---|
Date Mean | 3140±27 |
Full Date | -1496-1306 |
RISE509
Russia
Bronze Age Afanasievo
Altai
This ancient human sample is from the Bronze Age Afanasievo culture in Russia
References: Allentoft et al. 2015. Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia. Nature, 522(7555), 167-172.
Links:
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB9021
mtDNA haplogroup | T2c1a2 |
---|---|
Date Mean | 4186±27 |
Full Date | 2887-2677 calBCE (4186±27 BP, OxA-31221) |
RISE497
Russia
Bronze Age
Karasuk
This ancient human sample is from the Bronze Age Karasuk culture in Russia
References: Allentoft et al. 2015. Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia. Nature, 522(7555), 167-172.
Links:
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB90211
mtDNA haplogroup | A+152+16362 |
---|---|
Full Date | -1414-1261 |
RISE495
Russia
Bronze Age
Karasuk
This ancient human sample is from the Bronze Age Karasuk culture in Russia
References: Allentoft et al. 2015. Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia. Nature, 522(7555), 167-172.
Links:
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB90211
Y-DNA haplogroup | R1a1a1b2a2a3~ |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | D4j1 |
Full Date | -1414-1261 |
RISE523
Russia
Bronze Age Mezhovskaya
This ancient human sample is from the Bronze Age Mezhovskaya in Russia
References: Allentoft et al. 2015. Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia. Nature, 522(7555), 167-172.
Links:
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB90211
mtDNA haplogroup | M12'G |
---|---|
Date Mean | 3192±37 |
Full Date | -1598-1398 |
RISE503
Russia
Bronze Age
Andronovo
This is an ancient human sample from the Androvno culture in Bronze Age in Russia.
References: Allentoft et al. 2015. Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia. Nature, 522(7555), 167-172.
Links:
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB9021
mtDNA haplogroup | U2e2 |
---|---|
Date Mean | 3328±38 |
Full Date | 1727-1511 calBCE (3328±38 BP, OxA-31445) |
RISE548
Russia
Bronze Age Yamnaya
This is an ancient human sample from the Yamnaya culture in Bronze Age Russia.
References: Allentoft et al. 2015. Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia. Nature, 522(7555), 167-172.
Links:
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB9021
Y-DNA haplogroup | R1b1a1a2a2 |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U4 |
Full Date | 3000-2400 BCE |
RISE500
Russia
Bronze Age Pontic steppe
This is an ancient human sample from the Pontic Steppe Bronze Age.
References: Allentoft et al. 2015. Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia. Nature, 522(7555), 167-172.
Links:
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB9021
mtDNA haplogroup | U4d1 |
---|---|
Full Date | 1700-1500 BCE |
RISE496
Russia
Bronze Age
Karasuk Altai
This ancient human sample is from the Bronze Age Karasuk culture in Russia.
References: Allentoft et al. 2015. Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia. Nature, 522(7555), 167-172.
Links:
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB9021
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a1a2a |
---|---|
Date Mean | 3070±28 |
Full Date | -1414-1261 |
RISE493
Russia
Bronze Age Karasuk
This ancient human sample is from the Bronze Age Karasuk culture in Russia.
References: Allentoft et al. 2015. Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia. Nature, 522(7555), 167-172.
Links:
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB9021
mtDNA haplogroup | C4a1c |
---|---|
Date Mean | 3214±26 |
Full Date | -1531-1427 |
I1763_Ukraine_Mesolithic
Ukraine
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Ukraine.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
Y-DNA haplogroup | I2a1 |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b2 |
Date Mean | 10081 |
Full Date | 8282-7960 calBCE (8960±50 BP, Poz-81127) |
I1733_Ukraine_Mesolithic
Ukraine
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Ukraine.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
mtDNA haplogroup | U4b |
---|---|
Date Mean | 10200 |
Full Date | 9000-7500 BCE |
I5876_Ukraine_Mesolithic
Ukraine
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Ukraine.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
Y-DNA haplogroup | R1a |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a2a |
Date Mean | 8832 |
Full Date | 7040-6699 calBCE (7960±30 BP, PSUAMS-2811) |
I1819_Ukraine_Mesolithic_dup.I1819.SG
Ukraine
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Ukraine.
References: JonesCurrentBiology2017
Links:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28552360/
Y-DNA haplogroup | R1a |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b |
Date Mean | 10658 |
Full Date | 9107-8556 calBCE (9420±50 BP, Poz-81128) |
I5885_Ukraine_Mesolithic_published
Ukraine
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Ukraine.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b2b |
---|---|
Date Mean | 8099 |
Full Date | 6392-5921 calBCE (7270±110 BP, OxA-6161) |
I1737_Ukraine_Mesolithic_published
Ukraine
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Ukraine.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a2 |
---|---|
Date Mean | 10358 |
Full Date | 8543-8299 calBCE (9200±35 BP, PSUAMS-2394) |
I6745_England_Mesolithic
England
Mesolithic
This ancient human sample is from the Mesolithic period in England.
References: BraceDiekmannNatureEcologyEvolution2019
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-019-0871-9
mtDNA haplogroup | B5 / H13 / HV |
---|---|
Date Mean | 10546 |
Full Date | 8751-8433 calBCE (9340±50 BP, OxA-34338) |
I6744_England_Mesolithic_o1
England
Mesolithic
This ancient human sample is from the Mesolithic period in England.
References: BraceDiekmannNatureEcologyEvolution2019
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-019-0871-9
Y-DNA haplogroup | I2 |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b1 |
Date Mean | 10393 |
Full Date | 8606-8300 calBCE (9230±50 BP, OxA-34339) |
I3025_England_Mesolithic_all.SG
England
Mesolithic
This ancient human sample is from the Mesolithic period in England.
References: BraceDiekmannNatureEcologyEvolution2019
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-019-0871-9
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a2 |
---|---|
Date Mean | 9257 |
Full Date | 7476-7085 calBCE (8270±45 BP, OxA-23812) |
I6767_England_Mesolithic_Cheddar_Man
England
Mesolithic
Cheddar Man is a human male fossil found in Gough's Cave in Cheddar Gorge, Somerset, England. The skeletal remains date to the Mesolithic (ca. 9100 BP, 7100 BC) and it appears that he died a violent death. A large crater-like lesion just above the skull's right orbit suggests that the man may have also been suffering from a bone infection. Excavated in 1903, Cheddar Man is Britain's oldest complete human skeleton. The remains are kept by London's Natural History Museum, in the Human Evolution gallery. Analysis of his nuclear DNA indicates that he was a typical member of the Western European hunter-gatherer population at the time, with lactose intolerance, probably with light-coloured eyes (most likely green but possibly blue or hazel).
References: BraceDiekmannNatureEcologyEvolution2019
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-019-0871-9
Y-DNA haplogroup | I2a2 |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b1 |
Date Mean | 10280 |
Full Date | 8615-7966 calBCE (9100±100 BP, OxA-814) |
Hinxton-1
England
England_Early Roman
This is an ancient human sample from Hinxton in England.
References: Schiffels, S., Haak, W., Paajanen, P. et al. Iron Age and Anglo-Saxon genomes from East England reveal British migration history. Nat Commun 7, 10408 (2016).
Links:
https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10408
https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms10408
Y-DNA haplogroup | R1b1a1b1a1a2c1 |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | K1a1b1b |
Hinxton-2
England
England_Early Medieval_Saxon.
This is an ancient human sample from Hinxton in England.
References: Schiffels, S., Haak, W., Paajanen, P. et al. Iron Age and Anglo-Saxon genomes from East England reveal British migration history. Nat Commun 7, 10408 (2016).
Links:
https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10408
https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms10408
mtDNA haplogroup | H2a2b1 |
---|
Hinxton-5
England
England_Early Medieval_Saxon
This is an ancient human sample from Hinxton in England.
References: Schiffels, S., Haak, W., Paajanen, P. et al. Iron Age and Anglo-Saxon genomes from East England reveal British migration history. Nat Commun 7, 10408 (2016).
Links:
https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10408
https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms10408
mtDNA haplogroup | H2a2a1 |
---|
Hinxton-4
England
England_IA
This is an ancient human sample from Hinxton in England.
References: Schiffels, S., Haak, W., Paajanen, P. et al. Iron Age and Anglo-Saxon genomes from East England reveal British migration history. Nat Commun 7, 10408 (2016).
Links:
https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10408
https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms10408
Y-DNA haplogroup | R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a5b1a1a |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | H1ag1 |
Hinxton-3
England
England_Early Medieval_Saxon
This is an ancient human sample from Hinxton in England.
References: Schiffels, S., Haak, W., Paajanen, P. et al. Iron Age and Anglo-Saxon genomes from East England reveal British migration history. Nat Commun 7, 10408 (2016).
Links:
https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10408
https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms10408
mtDNA haplogroup | K1a4a1a2 |
---|
I6754_Wales_Mesolithic
Wales
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Wales.
References: BraceDiekmannNatureEcologyEvolution2019
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-019-0871-9
Y-DNA haplogroup | I2a1b1 |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b1+16189 |
Date Mean | 9580 |
Full Date | 7739-7536 calBCE (8597±54 BP, UBA-32282) |
I3065_Scotland_Mesolithic_all.SG
Scotland
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Scotland.
References: BraceDiekmannNatureEcologyEvolution2019
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-019-0871-9
mtDNA haplogroup | V / HV |
---|---|
Date Mean | 6290 |
Full Date | 4444-4255 calBCE (5492±36 BP, SUERC-69249) |
Steigen_Norway_N_HG.SG
Norway
Mesolithic Hunter Gatherer
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Norway.
References: GuntherPLoSBiology2018
Links:
https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.2003703
Y-DNA haplogroup | I-V4921 (I2a) |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a1d |
Date Mean | 5857 |
Full Date | 4000-3814 calBCE |
Hum2_Norway_Mesolithic.SG
Norway
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Norway.
References: GuntherPLoSBiology2018
Links:
https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.2003703
Y-DNA haplogroup | I-PF3892* (I2a) |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a1d |
Date Mean | 9364 |
Full Date | 7502-7325 calBCE (8703±27 BP) [R_combine: TRa-954, TUa-1257, TRa-952, TUa-2106, TRa-951, TRa-953, TUa-2107)] |
I0012_Sweden_Motala_HG
Sweden
Mesolithic
In archaeogenetics, the term Scandinavian hunter-gatherer (SHG) is the name given to a distinct ancestral component that represents descent from Mesolithic hunter-gatherers of Scandinavia. Genetic studies suggest that the SHGs were a mix of Western hunter-gatherers (WHGs) initially populating Scandinavia from the south during the Holocene, and Eastern hunter-gatherers (EHGs), who later entered Scandinavia from the north along the Norwegian coast. During the Neolithic, they admixed further with Early European farmers (EEFs) and Western Steppe herders (WSHs). Genetic continuity has been detected between the SHGs and members of the Pitted Ware culture (PWC), and to a certain degree, between SHGs and modern northern Europeans.
References: MathiesonNature2015 (1240k of same same sample with 390k in HaakLazaridis2015)
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature16152
Y-DNA haplogroup | I2c |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U2e1 |
Date Mean | 7598 |
Full Date | 5715-5569 calBCE (6734±30 BP, Ua-51722) |
RISE97
Sweden
Neolithic Nordic_LN
This ancient human sample is from the Neolithic period in Sweden.
References: Allentoft et al. 2015. Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia. Nature, 522(7555), 167-172.
Links:
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB9021
mtDNA haplogroup | K2a5 |
---|---|
Date Mean | 3590±29 |
Full Date | 2025-1885 calBCE (3590±29 BP, OxA-28986) |
I0011_Sweden_Motala_HG
Sweden
Mesolithic
In archaeogenetics, the term Scandinavian hunter-gatherer (SHG) is the name given to a distinct ancestral component that represents descent from Mesolithic hunter-gatherers of Scandinavia. Genetic studies suggest that the SHGs were a mix of Western hunter-gatherers (WHGs) initially populating Scandinavia from the south during the Holocene, and Eastern hunter-gatherers (EHGs), who later entered Scandinavia from the north along the Norwegian coast. During the Neolithic, they admixed further with Early European farmers (EEFs) and Western Steppe herders (WSHs). Genetic continuity has been detected between the SHGs and members of the Pitted Ware culture (PWC), and to a certain degree, between SHGs and modern northern Europeans.
References: MathiesonNature2015 (1240k of same same sample with 390k in HaakLazaridis2015)
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature16152
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a1 |
---|---|
Date Mean | 7564 |
Full Date | 5721-5484 calBCE (6701±64 BP, Ua-42116) |
MotalaAA_Sweden_Motala_HG
Sweden
Mesolithic
In archaeogenetics, the term Scandinavian hunter-gatherer (SHG) is the name given to a distinct ancestral component that represents descent from Mesolithic hunter-gatherers of Scandinavia. Genetic studies suggest that the SHGs were a mix of Western hunter-gatherers (WHGs) initially populating Scandinavia from the south during the Holocene, and Eastern hunter-gatherers (EHGs), who later entered Scandinavia from the north along the Norwegian coast. During the Neolithic, they admixed further with Early European farmers (EEFs) and Western Steppe herders (WSHs). Genetic continuity has been detected between the SHGs and members of the Pitted Ware culture (PWC), and to a certain degree, between SHGs and modern northern Europeans.
References: MittnikNatureCommunications2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
Date Mean | 7599 |
---|---|
Full Date | 5724-5563 calBCE (6735±44 BP, Ua-42645) |
I0017_Sweden_Motala_HG.SG
Sweden
Mesolithic
In archaeogenetics, the term Scandinavian hunter-gatherer (SHG) is the name given to a distinct ancestral component that represents descent from Mesolithic hunter-gatherers of Scandinavia. Genetic studies suggest that the SHGs were a mix of Western hunter-gatherers (WHGs) initially populating Scandinavia from the south during the Holocene, and Eastern hunter-gatherers (EHGs), who later entered Scandinavia from the north along the Norwegian coast. During the Neolithic, they admixed further with Early European farmers (EEFs) and Western Steppe herders (WSHs). Genetic continuity has been detected between the SHGs and members of the Pitted Ware culture (PWC), and to a certain degree, between SHGs and modern northern Europeans.
References: LazaridisNature2014
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13673
Y-DNA haplogroup | I2a1b2a1 |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U2e1 |
Date Mean | 7624 |
Full Date | 5722-5628 calBCE (6773±30 BP, Ua-51723) |
I0013_Sweden_Motala_HG
Sweden
Mesolithic
In archaeogenetics, the term Scandinavian hunter-gatherer (SHG) is the name given to a distinct ancestral component that represents descent from Mesolithic hunter-gatherers of Scandinavia. Genetic studies suggest that the SHGs were a mix of Western hunter-gatherers (WHGs) initially populating Scandinavia from the south during the Holocene, and Eastern hunter-gatherers (EHGs), who later entered Scandinavia from the north along the Norwegian coast. During the Neolithic, they admixed further with Early European farmers (EEFs) and Western Steppe herders (WSHs). Genetic continuity has been detected between the SHGs and members of the Pitted Ware culture (PWC), and to a certain degree, between SHGs and modern northern Europeans.
References: MathiesonNature2015 (1240k of same same sample with 390k in HaakLazaridis2015)
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature16152
Y-DNA haplogroup | I2a1b |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a1 |
Date Mean | 7722 |
Full Date | 5966-5634 calBCE (6877±69 BP, Ua-42117) |
GOKHEM2
Sweden
Neolithic
A late Neolithic farmer from Västergötland, Sweden belonging to the Funnelbeaker culture. Remains of a 20 year old woman from around 4900BP, that was killed by the first plague pandemic, which likely lead to the decline of the Neolithic societies in Europe. Credit Karl-Goran Sjorgren / University of Gothenburg
References: Skoglund et al. 2014. Genomic Diversity and Admixture Differs for Stone-Age Scandinavian Foragers and Farmers. Science, 344(6185), 747-750.
Links:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4275881/
https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(18)31464-8
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1253448
mtDNA haplogroup | Hc |
---|---|
Full Date | 3050-2750 calBCE (4368±27 BP, UBA-14087) |
I0015_Sweden_Motala_HG
Sweden
Mesolithic
In archaeogenetics, the term Scandinavian hunter-gatherer (SHG) is the name given to a distinct ancestral component that represents descent from Mesolithic hunter-gatherers of Scandinavia. Genetic studies suggest that the SHGs were a mix of Western hunter-gatherers (WHGs) initially populating Scandinavia from the south during the Holocene, and Eastern hunter-gatherers (EHGs), who later entered Scandinavia from the north along the Norwegian coast. During the Neolithic, they admixed further with Early European farmers (EEFs) and Western Steppe herders (WSHs). Genetic continuity has been detected between the SHGs and members of the Pitted Ware culture (PWC), and to a certain degree, between SHGs and modern northern Europeans.
References: MathiesonNature2015 (1240k of same same sample with 390k in HaakLazaridis2015)
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature16152
Y-DNA haplogroup | I2a1 |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a2d |
Date Mean | 7710 |
Full Date | 5967-5627 calBCE (6863±75 BP, Ua-42120) |
I0014_Sweden_Motala_HG
Sweden
Mesolithic
In archaeogenetics, the term Scandinavian hunter-gatherer (SHG) is the name given to a distinct ancestral component that represents descent from Mesolithic hunter-gatherers of Scandinavia. Genetic studies suggest that the SHGs were a mix of Western hunter-gatherers (WHGs) initially populating Scandinavia from the south during the Holocene, and Eastern hunter-gatherers (EHGs), who later entered Scandinavia from the north along the Norwegian coast. During the Neolithic, they admixed further with Early European farmers (EEFs) and Western Steppe herders (WSHs). Genetic continuity has been detected between the SHGs and members of the Pitted Ware culture (PWC), and to a certain degree, between SHGs and modern northern Europeans.
References: MathiesonNature2015 (1240k of same same sample with 390k in HaakLazaridis2015)
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature16152
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a2d |
---|---|
Date Mean | 7686 |
Full Date | 5885-5624 calBCE (6842±68 BP, Ua-42118) |
I0017_Sweden_Motala_HG
Sweden
Mesolithic
In archaeogenetics, the term Scandinavian hunter-gatherer (SHG) is the name given to a distinct ancestral component that represents descent from Mesolithic hunter-gatherers of Scandinavia. Genetic studies suggest that the SHGs were a mix of Western hunter-gatherers (WHGs) initially populating Scandinavia from the south during the Holocene, and Eastern hunter-gatherers (EHGs), who later entered Scandinavia from the north along the Norwegian coast. During the Neolithic, they admixed further with Early European farmers (EEFs) and Western Steppe herders (WSHs). Genetic continuity has been detected between the SHGs and members of the Pitted Ware culture (PWC), and to a certain degree, between SHGs and modern northern Europeans.
References: MathiesonNature2015 (1240k of same same sample with 390k in HaakLazaridis2015)
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature16152
Y-DNA haplogroup | I2a1b2a1 |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U2e1 |
Date Mean | 7624 |
Full Date | 5722-5628 calBCE (6773±30 BP, Ua-51723) |
RISE94
Sweden
Neolithic
A sample from the Neolithic period, belonging to the Battle Axe culture from Viby, in Sweden
References: Allentoft et al. 2015. Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia. Nature, 522(7555), 167-172.
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14507
Y-DNA haplogroup | R1a1a1 |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | K1a2a |
Full Date | 2621-2472 calBCE (4025±30 BP, OxA-29033) |
RISE174
Sweden
Iron Age
Nordic_IA
This ancient human sample is from the Iron Age in Sweden.
References: Allentoft et al. 2015. Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia. Nature, 522(7555), 167-172.
Links:
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB9021
mtDNA haplogroup | W1 |
---|---|
Date Mean | 1521±38 |
Full Date | -427-611 |
RISE98
Sweden
Neolithic Nordic_IA
This ancient human sample is from the Neolithic period in Sweden.
References: Allentoft et al. 2015. Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia. Nature, 522(7555), 167-172.
Links:
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB9021
Y-DNA haplogroup | R1b1a1a2a1a1 |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | K1b1a1 |
Date Mean | 3736±32 |
Full Date | 2275-2032 calBCE (3736±32 BP, OxA-28987) |
GoyetQ-2_Belgium_UP_Magdalenian
Belgium
Upper Paleolithic Magdalenium
This ancient human sample was found in the Troisième Caverne of Goyet cave, Belgium and dates from 13305-12976 calBCE. It is an Upper Paleolithic male from the Magdalenian culture.
References: FuNature2016 + VillalbaMoucoCurrentBiology2019 merge
Links:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27135931/
Y-DNA haplogroup | I-M170 (I) |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U8a |
Date Mean | 15077 |
Full Date | 13305-12976 calBCE (12650±50 BP, GrA-46168) |
PER3023.SG_France_NouvelleAquitaine_Mesolithic.SG
France
Mesolithic
This ancient human sample is male from the Mesolithic period in France.
References: BrunelPNAS2020
Links:
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1918034117
Y-DNA haplogroup | I-S11321 (I2a) |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b1-16189 |
Date Mean | 9050 |
Full Date | 7200-7000 BCE |
Rigney1_published_France
France
Upper Paleolithic Magdalenium
This ancient human sample is female from the Upper Paleolithic period in France.
References: FuNature2016
Links:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27135931/
mtDNA haplogroup | U2'3'4'7' |
---|---|
Date Mean | 15458 |
Full Date | 13696-13321 calBCE (12930±55 BP, Ly-6515 (OxA)) |
Iboussieres31-2
France
Epipaleolithic Hunter gatherer HGW
This ancient human sample was found at Aven des Iboussières à Malataverne, Rhône-Alpes, France, it is a male Epipaleolithic hunter-gatherer.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
Y-DNA haplogroup | R |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b1 |
Date Mean | 11675 |
Full Date | 10050-9400 BCE |
Iboussieres25-1
France
Epipaleolithic Hunter gatherer HGW
This ancient human sample was found at Aven des Iboussières à Malataverne, Rhône-Alpes, France. It is a male Epipaleolithic hunter-gatherer.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
Y-DNA haplogroup | I-P215 (I2). J |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b2a |
Date Mean | 11675 |
Full Date | 10050-9400 BCE |
Rochedane_published_France
France
Upper Paleolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Upper Paleolithic in France.
References: FuNature2016
Links:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27135931/
Y-DNA haplogroup | I-S21825 (I2a) |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b2b |
Date Mean | 13027 |
Full Date | 11207-10955 calBCE (11120±50 BP, GrA-41739) |
BDB001_Germany_Mesolithic
Germany
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human Mesolithic sample from Germany.
References: RivollatScienceAdvance2020
Links:
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aaz5344
mtDNA haplogroup | U4b1b1 |
---|---|
Date Mean | 8600 |
Full Date | 7100-6200 BCE |
BOT004_Germany_Mesolithic
Germany
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human Mesolithic sample from Germany.
References: RivollatScienceAdvance2020
Links:
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aaz5344
Date Mean | 7550 |
---|---|
Full Date | 5750-5450 BCE |
BOT005_Germany_Mesolithic
Germany
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human Mesolithic sample from Germany.
References: RivollatScienceAdvance2020
Links:
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aaz5344
Date Mean | 7548 |
---|---|
Full Date | 5701-5486 calBCE (6685±38 BP, OxA-27248) |
Chan_Spain_HG.SG
Spain
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Spain.
References: GonzalesFortesCurrentBiology2017
Links:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28552360/
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b |
---|---|
Date Mean | 9109 |
Full Date | 7320-7054 calBCE (8155±42 BP, Ua-13398/Ua-38115) |
I0585_Spain_HG
Spain
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Spain.
References: MathiesonNature2015 (1240k of same same sample with shotgun in Olalde2014)
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature16152
Y-DNA haplogroup | C1a2 |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b2c |
Date Mean | 7811 |
Full Date | 5982-5741 calBCE (6980±50 BP, Beta-226472) |
I3209_Spain_HG
Spain
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Spain.
References: OlaldeScience2019
Links:
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aav4040
Y-DNA haplogroup | F |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b1d1 |
Date Mean | 7815 |
Full Date | 5978-5773 calBCE (6980±25 BP, PSUAMS-4414) |
I0843_Spain_HG_brother.I0585
Spain
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Spain.
References: OlaldeScience2019
Links:
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aav4040
Y-DNA haplogroup | C1a |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b2c1 |
Date Mean | 7858 |
Full Date | 6015-5789 calBCE (7030±50 BP, Beta-226473) |
I10899_Spain_HG_published
Spain
Upper Paleolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Upper Paleolithic period in Spain.
References: OlaldeScience2019
Links:
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aav4040
Y-DNA haplogroup | I |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b1 |
Date Mean | 24450 |
Full Date | 40000-5000 BCE |
BAL051_Spain_UP_Azilian
Spain
Upper Paleolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Upper Paleolithic period in Spain.
References: VillalbaMoucoCurrentBiology2019
Links:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30880015/
Y-DNA haplogroup | IJ |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b2a |
Date Mean | 13015 |
Full Date | 11446-10772 calBCE (11095±195 BP, Ua-34297) |
Canes_Spain_HG.SG
Spain
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Spain.
References: GonzalesFortesCurrentBiology2017
Links:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28552360/
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a2a |
---|---|
Date Mean | 7089 |
Full Date | 5299-5011 calBCE (6197±45 BP, OxA-7148/AA-5294) |
BAL003_Spain_UP_Azilian
Spain
Upper Paleolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Upper Paleolithic period in Spain.
References: VillalbaMoucoCurrentBiology2019
Links:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30880015/
Y-DNA haplogroup | I2 |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U2 |
Date Mean | 11908 |
Full Date | 10727-9272 calBCE (10195±255 BP, Ua-34298) |
LaBraña-Arintero
Spain
Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherer
This ancient human sample is from the Mesolithic in Spain. La Brana is the first recovered genome of a European hunter-gatherer
References: Olalde et al. 2014. Derived immune and ancestral pigmentation alleles in a 7,000-year-old Mesolithic European. Nature, 507(7491), 225-228.
Links:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra?term=PRJNA230689
Y-DNA haplogroup | C1a2 |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b2c |
Date Mean | 6980±50 |
Full Date | 5983-5747 calBCE (6980±50 BP, Beta-226472) |
CMS001_Portugal_Geometric_Mesolithic
Portugal
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Portugal.
References: VillalbaMoucoCurrentBiology2019
Links:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30880015/
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b1 |
---|---|
Date Mean | 8067 |
Full Date | 6238-5986 calBCE (7240±70 BP, To-131) |
R11_Italy_Mesolithic.SG
Italy
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human Mesolithic sample from Italy.
References: AntonioGaoMootsScience2019
Links:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31699931/
Y-DNA haplogroup | I-M436 |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b1+16189+@16192 |
Date Mean | 11868 |
Full Date | 9999-9801 calBCE (10200±30 BP, UCIAMS-198583) |
R15_Italy_Mesolithic.SG
Italy
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human Mesolithic sample from Italy.
References: AntonioGaoMootsScience2019
Links:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31699931/
Y-DNA haplogroup | I-M223 |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b3 |
Date Mean | 9086 |
Full Date | 7312-7062 calBCE (8155±20 BP, UCIAMS-198584) |
R7_Italy_Mesolithic.SG
Italy
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human Mesolithic sample from Italy.
References: AntonioGaoMootsScience2019
Links:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31699931/
Y-DNA haplogroup | I-M223 |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b1+16189+@16192 |
Date Mean | 10706 |
Full Date | 9107-8634 calBCE (9465±25 BP, UCIAMS-198579) |
Ötzi the Iceman
Italy
Chalcolithic Copper Age
Ötzi (the Iceman) is a natural mummy of a man who lived some time between 3350 and 3105 BC, discovered in September 1991 in the Ötztal Alps (hence the nickname "Ötzi") on the border between Austria and Italy. Ötzi is believed to have been murdered, due to the discovery of an arrowhead embedded in his left shoulder and various other wounds. The nature of his life and the circumstances of his death are the subject of much investigation and speculation. He is Europe's oldest known natural human mummy, offering an unprecedented view of Chalcolithic (Copper Age) Europeans. His body and belongings are displayed in the South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology in Bolzano, South Tyrol.
References: KellerNatureCommunications2012
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms1701
Y-DNA haplogroup | G2a2a1a2a1a |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | K1 |
Date Mean | 5199 |
Full Date | 3486-3102 calBCE (4555±34 BP, ETH-8345.1-2) |
Continenza_Italy_South_HG_Continenza_lc
Italy
Pleistocene European hunter-gatherer
This ancient human sample is from the Pleistocene period in Italy and is a European hunter-gatherer.
References: FuNature2016
Links:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27135931/
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b1 |
---|---|
Date Mean | 10875 |
Full Date | 9300-8550 BCE |
Italy_North_Villabruna_HG
Italy
Pleistocene European hunter-gatherer
This ancient human sample is a hunter-gatherer from Villabruna in the North of Italy, from the Pleistocene period.
References: FuNature2016
Links:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27135931/
Y-DNA haplogroup | R1b1a |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b2b |
Date Mean | 14021 |
Full Date | 12268-11851 calBCE (12140±70 BP, KIA-27004) |
Ostuni2_Italy_South_HG
Italy
Pleistocene hunter-gatherer
This ancient human sample is from the Pleistocene period in Italy and is a European hunter-gatherer.
References: FuNature2016
Links:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27135931/
mtDNA haplogroup | U2 |
---|---|
Date Mean | 29116 |
Full Date | 27546-26837 calBCE (24910±125 BP, MAMS-11450) |
Ostuni1_d_Italy_South_HG
Italy
Pleistocene hunter-gatherer
This ancient human sample is from the Pleistocene in Italy and is a European hunter-gatherer.
References: FuNature2016
Links:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27135931/
mtDNA haplogroup | M |
---|---|
Date Mean | 27614 |
Full Date | 25860-25426 calBCE (23446±107 BP, MAMS-11449) |
I1577_Austria_KremsWA3
Austria
Upper Paleolithic Gravettian
This ancient human sample was found in Krems-Wachtberg, Austria and dates from 29500-28500 BCE. It is an Upper Paleolithic male.
References: FuNature2016
Links:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27135931/
Y-DNA haplogroup | I-L758* |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5* |
Date Mean | 30950 |
Full Date | 29500-28500 BCE |
I2484_Austria_Krems1_2_twin.I2483
Austria
Upper Paleolithic Gravettian
This ancient human sample was found in Krems-Wachtberg, Austria and dates from 29200-28600 BCE. It is an Upper Paleolithic man of the Gravettian. The sample was taken from a burial of two monozygotic twins.
References: TeschlerNicolaCommunicationsBiology2020
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-020-01372-8
Y-DNA haplogroup | I-L758* |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5* |
Date Mean | 30850 |
Full Date | 29200-28600 BCE |
RISE150
Poland
Bronze Age
Únětice
This ancient human sample is from the Bronze Age in Poland.
References: Allentoft et al. 2015. Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia. Nature, 522(7555), 167-172.
Links:
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB9021
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a1b1 |
---|---|
Date Mean | 3469±31 |
Full Date | 1885-1693 calBCE (3469±31 BP, Ua-42401) |
I4550_Latvia_HG
Latvia
Pleistocene European hunter-gatherer
This ancient human sample is from the Pleistocene period in Latvia and is a European hunter-gatherer.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
Y-DNA haplogroup | Q1a2 |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b2a1a |
Date Mean | 8489 |
Full Date | 6633-6470 calBCE (7715±25 BP, PSUAMS-2835) |
I4596_Latvia_HG
Latvia
Pleistocene European hunter-gatherer
This ancient human sample is from the Pleistocene period in Latvia and is a European hunter-gatherer.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
Y-DNA haplogroup | I2a2a1b |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a2d |
Date Mean | 7970 |
Full Date | 6069-5984 calBCE (7150±25 BP, PSUAMS-2839) |
I4432_Latvia_HG
Latvia
Pleistocene European hunter-gatherer
This ancient human sample is from the Pleistocene period in Latvia and is a European hunter-gatherer.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
Y-DNA haplogroup | R1b1a1a |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a2c |
Date Mean | 7958 |
Full Date | 6072-5920 calBCE (7140±40 BP, PSUAMS-2230) |
I4632_Latvia_HG
Latvia
Pleistocene European hunter-gatherer
This ancient human sample is from the Pleistocene period in Latvia and is a European hunter-gatherer.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a1c |
---|---|
Date Mean | 8316 |
Full Date | 6465-6242 calBCE (7525±60 BP, LuS-8220) |
I4630_Latvia_HG
Latvia
Pleistocene European hunter-gatherer
This ancient human sample is from the Pleistocene period in Latvia and is a European hunter-gatherer.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
Y-DNA haplogroup | R1b1a1a |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a2c |
Date Mean | 9218 |
Full Date | 7471-7073 calBCE (8240±70 BP) |
RISE00
Estonia
Neolithic
Corded Ware
This ancient human sample is from the Corded Ware culture, in the Neolithic from Estonia.
References: Allentoft et al. 2015. Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia. Nature, 522(7555), 167-172.
Links:
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB9021
mtDNA haplogroup | H5a1 |
---|---|
Date Mean | 3969±32 |
Full Date | 2575-2349 calBCE (3969±32 BP, UBA-29064) |
Spiginas4_Lithuania_Mesolithic
Lithuania
Mesolithic
This ancient human sample is from the Mesolthic period in Lithuania.
References: MittnikNatureCommunications2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-02825-9
Y-DNA haplogroup | R-M420 (R1a) |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U4a2 |
Date Mean | 8276 |
Full Date | 6442-6227 calBCE (7470±60 BP, Gin-5571) |
Donkalnis4_Lithuania_Mesolithic
Lithuania
Mesolithic Kunda culture
This ancient human sample is from the Mesolthic period in Lithuania.
References: MittnikNatureCommunications2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-02825-9
Y-DNA haplogroup | II-P215 (I2) |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b2c1 |
Date Mean | 7823 |
Full Date | 5991-5736 calBCE (6995±65 BP, OxA-5924) |
RISE479
Hungary
Bronze Age Vatya
This ancient human sample is from the Bronze Age in Hungary.
References: Allentoft et al. 2015. Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia. Nature, 522(7555), 167-172.
Links:
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB9021
Y-DNA haplogroup | I2a2a1a2a |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | T2b |
Full Date | 2000-1500 BCE |
I1875_Croatia_Mesolithic_HG
Croatia
Mesolithic HG (Hunter Gatherer)
This ancient human sample was found in Vela Spila, Croatia. It is a mesolithic female hunter-gatherer.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b2b |
---|---|
Date Mean | 9056 |
Full Date | 7321-6834 calBCE (8110±50 BP, Poz-90130) |
I4877_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b1d1 |
---|---|
Date Mean | 8505 |
Full Date | 6645-6465 calBCE (7728±51 BP, PSUAMS-2382) |
I4878_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
Y-DNA haplogroup | I2a2a |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U4a |
Date Mean | 7803 |
Full Date | 5995-5710 calBCE (6955±76 BP, PSUAMS-2383) |
I5233_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b1d1 |
---|---|
Date Mean | 8001 |
Full Date | 6224-5878 calBCE (7158±85 BP, AA-57770) |
I5239_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a2d |
---|---|
Date Mean | 10333 |
Full Date | 8535-8230 calBCE (9105±62 BP, PSUAMS-2375) |
I5244_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
mtDNA haplogroup | K1f |
---|---|
Date Mean | 10785 |
Full Date | 9115-8555 calBCE (9424±55 BP, PSUAMS-2376) |
I5771_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
Y-DNA haplogroup | I |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a1c1 |
Date Mean | 8325 |
Full Date | 6500-6250 BCE |
I4870_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
Y-DNA haplogroup | I2 |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | K1c |
Date Mean | 8740 |
Full Date | 7045-6535 calBCE (7870±78 BP, PSUAMS-2295) |
I5232_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic_o
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
Y-DNA haplogroup | R1b1a |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | K1a |
Date Mean | 7901 |
Full Date | 6061-5841 calBCE (7078±85 BP, AA-57769) |
I4881_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic_published
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
Y-DNA haplogroup | I2a2a1b2 |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U4b1b1 |
Date Mean | 8363 |
Full Date | 6570-6255 calBCE (7570±63 BP, PSUAMS-2385) |
I4871_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b2a1a |
---|---|
Date Mean | 8450 |
Full Date | 7100-5900 BCE |
I4873_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a2a |
---|---|
Date Mean | 7867 |
Full Date | 6012-5806 calBCE (7035±40 BP, OxA-16544) |
I4875_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b1d1a |
---|---|
Date Mean | 8458 |
Full Date | 6615-6400 calBCE (7643±63 BP, PSUAMS-2380) |
I4916_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
Y-DNA haplogroup | R1b1a |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b2b |
Date Mean | 8763 |
Full Date | 7035-6590 calBCE (7874±72 BP, PSUAMS-2369) |
I5242_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a1 |
---|---|
Date Mean | 10530 |
Full Date | 8805-8355 calBCE (9363±64 BP, PSUAMS-2408) |
I5772_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
Y-DNA haplogroup | R1b1a |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a2a |
Date Mean | 8450 |
Full Date | 7100-5900 BCE |
I5402_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
Y-DNA haplogroup | I2a2a1b |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a1c1 |
Date Mean | 8156 |
Full Date | 6361-6050 calBCE (7315±63 BP, OxA-16942) |
I4657_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic_published
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
mtDNA haplogroup | K1c |
---|---|
Date Mean | 11465 |
Full Date | 9755-9275 calBCE (9942±66 BP, PSUAMS-2294) |
I4914_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic_published
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
Y-DNA haplogroup | I2a2a1b2 |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a1c1 |
Date Mean | 8088 |
Full Date | 6360-5986 calBCE (7264±80 BP, OxA-16941) |
I5773_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic_published
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
mtDNA haplogroup | U4a |
---|---|
Date Mean | 10040 |
Full Date | 8240-7940 calBCE |
I4872_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a1c |
---|---|
Date Mean | 8450 |
Full Date | 7100-5900 BCE |
I4874_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b2a1a |
---|---|
Date Mean | 8499 |
Full Date | 6640-6471 calBCE (7725±40 BP, OxA-20702) |
I4876_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a2d |
---|---|
Date Mean | 8455 |
Full Date | 6635-6375 calBCE (7625±71 BP, PSUAMS-2381) |
I4880_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
Y-DNA haplogroup | I2a2a1b2 |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U4b1b1 |
Date Mean | 7813 |
Full Date | 6000-5725 calBCE (6979±75 BP, PSUAMS-2384) |
I5237_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
Y-DNA haplogroup | R1b1a |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a2a |
Date Mean | 9500 |
Full Date | 9300-5800 BCE |
I5238_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
mtDNA haplogroup | K1c |
---|---|
Date Mean | 9993 |
Full Date | 8265-7820 calBCE (8907±66 BP, PSUAMS-2407) |
I5240_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
Y-DNA haplogroup | R1b1a |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a1c |
Date Mean | 10805 |
Full Date | 9140-8570 calBCE (9469±70 BP, PSUAMS-2377) |
I5407_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
mtDNA haplogroup | H13 |
---|---|
Date Mean | 8000 |
Full Date | 6300-5800 BCE |
I4660_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
mtDNA haplogroup | U8b1b |
---|---|
Date Mean | 9713 |
Full Date | 7940-7585 calBCE (8676±58 BP, PSUAMS-2296) |
I4915_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
Y-DNA haplogroup | I2a2 |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b2b |
Date Mean | 8115 |
Full Date | 6340-5990 calBCE (7260±76 BP, PSUAMS-2360) |
I4917_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a1c |
---|---|
Date Mean | 8058 |
Full Date | 6220-5995 calBCE (7209±57 BP, PSUAMS-2374) |
I5234_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
mtDNA haplogroup | U4a |
---|---|
Date Mean | 9500 |
Full Date | 9300-5800 BCE |
I5235_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
Y-DNA haplogroup | R1b1a |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b2c |
Date Mean | 10835 |
Full Date | 9221-8548 calBCE (9480±110 BP, AA-57771) |
I5236_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
Y-DNA haplogroup | I2a1 |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a2d |
Date Mean | 10038 |
Full Date | 8291-7826 calBCE (8943±77 BP, BM-1146) |
I4882_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic_brother.I4880
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
Y-DNA haplogroup | I2a2a1b |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U4b1b1 |
Date Mean | 8000 |
Full Date | 6200-5900 BCE |
I5241_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic_daughter_I5236
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a2a |
---|---|
Date Mean | 11198 |
Full Date | 9302-9165 calBCE (9765±40 BP, PSUAMS-2378) |
I5409_Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic_o_published
Serbia
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Serbia.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a1c |
---|---|
Date Mean | 9500 |
Full Date | 9300-5800 BCE |
I5411_Romania_IronGates_Mesolithic
Romania
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Romania.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
Y-DNA haplogroup | R1b1a |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a1c1 |
Date Mean | 8600 |
Full Date | 7000-6300 BCE |
I4582_Romania_IronGates_Mesolithic
Romania
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Romania.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
mtDNA haplogroup | K1 |
---|---|
Date Mean | 8618 |
Full Date | 7026-6470 calBCE (7812±69 BP) [R_combine after marine calibration: (8305±50 BP, OxA-31598); (8300±40 BP, PSUAMS-1749); (8335±45 BP, PSUAMS-1904)] |
I4654_Romania_IronGates_Mesolithic_published_dup.I4654
Romania
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Romania.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a2 |
---|---|
Date Mean | 9025 |
Full Date | 7451-6698 calBCE |
M95_Romania_IronGates_Mesolithic.SG
Romania
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Romania.
References: GonzalesFortesCurrentBiology2017
Links:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28552360/
Y-DNA haplogroup | R1b |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5b2c |
Date Mean | 8814 |
Full Date | 7125-6603 calBCE (8380±80 BP, OxA-8583) |
Muierii2_Romania_Muierii
Romania
Upper Paleolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Upper Paleolithic period in Romania.
References: FuNature2016
Links:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27135931/
mtDNA haplogroup | U6 |
---|---|
Date Mean | 33646 |
Full Date | 32228-31195 calBCE (29110±190 BP, OxA-16252) |
I2534_Romania_IronGates_Mesolithic
Romania
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Romania.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
mtDNA haplogroup | K1 |
---|---|
Date Mean | 7670 |
Full Date | 5810-5630 calBCE (6829±47 BP, PSUAMS-2334) |
I4655_Romania_IronGates_Mesolithic_published
Romania
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Romania.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
Y-DNA haplogroup | R-M173 (R1b) |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | K1 |
Date Mean | 8764 |
Full Date | 7059-6571 calBCE (7904±93 BP, OxA-8581) |
M96_Romania_IronGates_Mesolithic.SG
Romania
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Romania.
References: GonzalesFortesCurrentBiology2017
Links:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28552360/
Y-DNA haplogroup | R-FT360000 (R1b) |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a1c |
Date Mean | 8825 |
Full Date | 7250-6500 BCE |
I5408_Romania_IronGates_Mesolithic
Romania
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Romania.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
Y-DNA haplogroup | R1b1a |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | K1c |
Date Mean | 8704 |
Full Date | 7022-6485 calBCE (8277±34 BP, MAMS-28615) |
I4607_Romania_IronGates_Mesolithic_published
Romania
Mesolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Mesolithic period in Romania.
References: MathiesonNature2018
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25778
Y-DNA haplogroup | I2 |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5a2 |
Date Mean | 8927 |
Full Date | 7446-6643 calBCE (8047±122 BP, OxA-4380) |
Oase1_Romania_Oase
Romania
Upper Paleolithic
This is an ancient human sample from the Upper Paleolithic period in Romania.
References: FuNature2015
Links:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27135931/
Y-DNA haplogroup | K-M2308 (K2a) |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | pre-N |
Date Mean | 38033 |
Full Date | 39956-35756 calBCE (34950±990 BP) [R_combine: (34290+970-870 BP, GrA-22810); (>35200 BP, OxA-11711)] |
Czech_Pavlov1
Czech Republic
Upper Paleolithic Gravettian
This ancient human sample was found in Dolni Vestonice,Czech Republic and dates from 29300-27500 BCE. It is an Upper Paleolithic male, from the Gravettian culture.
References: FuNature2016
Links:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27135931/
Y-DNA haplogroup | I-M170 (I) |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5 |
Date Mean | 30350 |
Full Date | 29300-27500 BCE |
RISE569
Czech Republic
Iron Age Early Slav
This ancient human sample is from the Iron Age in the Czech Republic.
References: Allentoft et al. 2015. Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia. Nature, 522(7555), 167-172.
Links:
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB9021
mtDNA haplogroup | H1af |
---|---|
Date Mean | 1300±30 |
Full Date | 660-770 calCE (1300±30 BP, Poz-84461) |
Czech_Vestonice15
Czech Republic
Upper Paleolithic Gravettian
This ancient human sample was found in Dolni Vestonice,Czech Republic. It is an Upper Paleolithic male, from the Gravettian culture.
References: FuNature2016
Links:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27135931/
Y-DNA haplogroup | BT-M42 (BT) |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5 |
Date Mean | 30800 |
Full Date | 29200-28500 BCE |
Czech_Vestonice16
Czech Republic
Upper Paleolithic Gravettian
This ancient human sample was found in Dolni Vestonice, Czech Republic. It is an Upper Paleolithic male.
References: FuNature2016
Links:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27135931/
Y-DNA haplogroup | C-V86 (C1a) |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5 |
Date Mean | 29800 |
Full Date | 28500-27200 BCE |
Czech_Vestonice43
Czech Republic
Upper Paleolithic Gravettian
This ancient human sample was found in Dolni Vestonice, Czech Republic. It is an Upper Paleolithic male, from the Gravettian culture.
References: FuNature2016
Links:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27135931/
Y-DNA haplogroup | IJ-P124 (IJ) |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U5 |
Date Mean | 29800 |
Full Date | 28500-27200 BCE |
Czech_Vestonice13
Czech Republic
Upper Paleolithic Gravettian
This ancient human sample was found in Dolni Vestonice, Czech Republic. It is an Upper Paleolithic male, from the Gravettian culture.
References: FuNature2016
Links:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27135931/
Y-DNA haplogroup | C-F3393 (C1a) |
---|---|
mtDNA haplogroup | U8c |
Date Mean | 30800 |
Full Date | 29200-28500 BCE |
RISE577
Czech Republic
Bronze Age
Unetice
This is an ancient human sample from the Bronze Age in the Czech Republic.
References: Allentoft et al. 2015. Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia. Nature, 522(7555), 167-172.
Links:
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB9021
mtDNA haplogroup | T2b |
---|---|
Full Date | 2300-1800 BCE |
References
Nature.
Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 Oct 4.Published in final edited form as:
Nature. 2015 Jun 11; 522(7555): 207–211.
Published online 2015 Mar 2. doi: 10.1038/nature14317
PMCID: PMC5048219NIHMSID: NIHMS801601PMID: 25731166 Wolfgang Haak, Iosif Lazaridis, Nick Patterson, Nadin Rohland, Swapan Mallick, Bastien LLamas
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